How do I add VAT to a price?

To add VAT, multiply the net (ex-VAT) price by (1 + VAT rate). For example, to add 23% Irish VAT to €100: €100 × 1.23 = €123. Our VAT calculator does this instantly for all 27 EU member states plus the UK.

How do I remove VAT from a price?

To remove VAT (reverse VAT), divide the gross (VAT-inclusive) price by (1 + VAT rate). For example, to remove 23% VAT from €123: €123 ÷ 1.23 = €100. This is also called finding the ex-VAT or net price.

What is the standard VAT rate in Ireland?

The standard VAT rate in Ireland is 23%. Ireland also has a reduced rate of 13.5% (for fuel, construction, tourism), a second reduced rate of 9% (for newspapers, ebooks, some hospitality), and a zero rate (0%) for food, children's clothing and oral medicines.

What is the VAT rate in the UK?

The standard VAT rate in the United Kingdom is 20%. A reduced rate of 5% applies to home energy, children's car seats and some health products. Zero-rated goods include most food, children's clothing, books and public transport.

Which EU country has the highest and lowest VAT rate?

Hungary has the highest standard VAT rate in the EU at 27%. Luxembourg and Malta share the lowest at 17% and 18% respectively. The EU requires all member states to have a standard rate of at least 15%.

Do I charge VAT if my business is below the VAT threshold?

No. If your annual turnover is below the VAT registration threshold for your country, you are not required to charge or remit VAT. The threshold is €40,000 in Ireland for services (€80,000 for goods) and £90,000 in the UK. Once you exceed the threshold, registration becomes mandatory.

📊 VAT Calculator

Add or remove VAT for all 27 EU member states plus UK, Switzerland and Norway. Rates updated for 2026.

Country

VAT Rate

Amount (€)

Amount is

EU VAT Rates 2026 Reference Table

Country	Standard

Rates correct as of March 2026. Source: European Commission VAT rates database.

What is VAT?

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a consumption tax applied at each stage of production and distribution. Businesses collect VAT on behalf of the government and can reclaim VAT paid on business expenses.

The EU VAT Directive (2006/112/EC) harmonises VAT rules across member states. Standard rates must be at least 15%, with reduced rates of at least 5% permitted for specific goods and services.

Irish VAT Rates

Standard rate — 23%: most goods and services, including electronics, clothing, and professional services
Reduced rate — 13.5%: construction, hospitality, and certain services
Super-reduced rate — 9%: newspapers, certain food supplements, and tourism-related services
Zero rate — 0%: most food, children's clothing, books, and oral medicines
Exempt: financial services, education, healthcare — no VAT charged and input VAT cannot be reclaimed

Adding and Removing VAT

To add VAT to a net price, multiply by (1 + rate). For example, at 23%: Net × 1.23. To remove VAT from a gross price: Gross ÷ 1.23. A common mistake is multiplying the gross price by the VAT rate to find the VAT amount — this gives the wrong answer. The correct method is Gross − (Gross ÷ (1 + rate)).

VAT Registration

Businesses must register for VAT when their taxable turnover exceeds the applicable threshold in their country. In Ireland the threshold is €42,500 for services and €85,000 for goods. Voluntary registration is also available below the threshold, which can be beneficial if your customers are VAT-registered businesses that can reclaim the VAT you charge.

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Important Note: This tool is intended to provide estimates and should not be used as a substitute for professional advice. Information generated by these calculators may be incomplete and does not account for all individual circumstances. Always seek the counsel of a certified expert (such as a financial advisor, healthcare provider, or licensed engineer) before taking action based on these results.

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